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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Multiple autoimmune syndrome.

M Cojocaru1, Inimioara Mihaela Cojocaru, Isabela Silosi

  • 1"Titu Maiorescu" University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bucharest, Romania. "Dr. Ion Stoia" Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Bucharest Romania.

Maedica
|October 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) involves patients developing three or more autoimmune diseases. Understanding MAS co-occurrence aids in comprehending autoimmunity and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
classificationmultiple autoimmune syndromepathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases frequently co-occur, with some patients developing multiple conditions.
  • Multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) is defined as the presence of at least three autoimmune diseases in a single patient.
  • MAS is increasingly recognized, with approximately 25% of individuals with autoimmune diseases developing additional conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiological and etiological factors contributing to multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS).
  • To present recent findings on the natural history and pathogenesis of MAS.
  • To highlight the need for refined methodologies in studying autoimmune disease co-occurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological analysis of autoimmune disease co-occurrence.
  • Review of proposed classifications and associations within MAS.
  • Discussion of genetic, infectious, immunologic, and psychological factors implicated in MAS development.

Main Results:

  • MAS can be classified into three types based on disease associations.
  • Dermatological conditions like vitiligo and alopecia areata are common in MAS patients.
  • Abnormalities in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are observed in MAS.

Conclusions:

  • The pathogenesis of MAS is not fully understood but likely involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers.
  • Further research with refined methodologies is crucial for maximizing insights into autoimmune disease co-occurrence.
  • Understanding MAS contributes to a broader comprehension of autoimmunity.