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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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Published on: July 23, 2012

Neuroinflammation in delirium: a postmortem case-control study.

Barbara C van Munster1, Eleonora Aronica, Aeilko H Zwinderman

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. b.c.vanmunster@amc.uva.nl

Rejuvenation Research
|October 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found increased brain inflammation markers, including microglia, astrocyte, and IL-6 activity, in elderly patients with delirium compared to controls, suggesting a role for neuroinflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Delirium in elderly individuals may represent an extreme manifestation of sickness behavior.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases are common in elderly populations experiencing delirium.
  • Cerebral inflammation involving glial cells and cytokines is a potential factor in delirium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cerebral inflammation in elderly patients with delirium.
  • To compare microglial, astrocyte, and cytokine activation in delirium versus non-delirium cases.
  • To determine if specific inflammatory markers are elevated in the brains of delirious individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem brain tissue analysis from 9 delirium cases and 6 controls.
  • Quantification of microglial markers (Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR, CD68) and astrocyte marker (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein).
  • Measurement of cytokine (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6) and protein (β-amyloid, tau) immunoreactivity in brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher scores for microglial activity (HLA-DR, CD68) in delirium brains.
  • Elevated astrocyte activity (GFAP) in total brain scores, significant in the dentate gyrus.
  • Increased Interleukin-6 immunoreactivity across all brain areas in delirium patients; Interleukin-1β was undetectable.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings indicate an association between brain glial and IL-6 activity and delirium in the elderly.
  • Results support the involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of delirium.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of neuroinflammation in delirium.