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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Vancomycin nephrotoxicity: myths and facts.

A Gupta1, M Biyani, A Khaira

  • 1Nephrology Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. parthankur@yahoo.com

The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
|October 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High-dose vancomycin, used for resistant infections, may cause kidney damage, especially in critically ill patients. More research is needed on optimal dosing and infusion methods to prevent vancomycin nephrotoxicity.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Vancomycin is crucial for severe Gram-positive infections.
  • Increasing resistance necessitates higher vancomycin doses (15-20 mg/l troughs).
  • High-dose vancomycin is associated with potential nephrotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • To identify risk factors associated with vancomycin nephrotoxicity.
  • To discuss vancomycin dosing strategies and their impact on renal function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on vancomycin and nephrotoxicity.
  • Analysis of risk factors including critical illness, vasopressor use, and concomitant nephrotoxic agents.

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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

  • Examination of patient characteristics like renal function, obesity, and duration of therapy.
  • Comparison of continuous versus intermittent vancomycin infusion regimens.

    • Main Results:

    • High vancomycin doses may cause nephrotoxicity.
    • Risk factors significantly increase the likelihood of kidney damage.
    • Data on continuous vs. intermittent infusion superiority is limited.
    • Obesity and prolonged therapy duration are associated with increased risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Vancomycin nephrotoxicity is a significant concern, particularly with high-dose regimens.
    • Identifying and managing risk factors is crucial for patient safety.
    • Further research is required to establish optimal vancomycin administration strategies to minimize renal injury.