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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Two-site Kondo effect in atomic chains.

N Néel1, R Berndt, J Kröger

  • 1Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied linear Cobalt-Copper-Cobalt (CoCu(n)Co) clusters, revealing tunable Kondo temperature oscillations with copper chain length. This Kondo system

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14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Kondo systems exhibit unique electronic properties due to magnetic impurities interacting with conduction electrons.
  • Atomic manipulation techniques allow for precise fabrication of nanoscale structures on surfaces.
  • Understanding the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction is crucial for designing quantum devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Kondo properties of linear CoCu(n)Co clusters on a Cu(111) surface.
  • To explore the influence of copper chain length (n) on the Kondo temperature (T(K)).
  • To elucidate the role of the RKKY interaction in tuning the Kondo system.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CoCu(n)Co clusters using atomic manipulation on a Cu(111) substrate.
  • Characterization of the electronic properties via scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS).
  • Theoretical analysis using density functional calculations (DFT).

Main Results:

  • Observed oscillations in Kondo temperature (T(K)) as a function of copper chain length (n) for n≥3.
  • Identified ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions for n=1 and n=2, respectively.
  • Correlated RKKY interaction mediated by copper chains with the observed T(K) oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • Linear CoCu(n)Co clusters form a tunable two-site Kondo system.
  • The number of copper atoms in the chain dictates the Kondo temperature oscillations.
  • RKKY interaction strength, modulated by chain length, governs the Kondo behavior and T(K) decrease.