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COMMUNITY SERVICES AND OUT-MIGRATION.

Douglas S Massey, Nathalie Williams, William G Axinn

International Migration (Geneva, Switzerland)

|October 11, 2011

Summary

Infrastructure development in developing countries has complex effects on migration. While direct effects reduce out-migration, indirect pathways through human and social capital can increase it, revealing countervailing short- and long-term impacts.

Area of Science:

Development Economics
Sociology
Migration Studies

Background:

Community context significantly influences migration decisions in developing nations.
Understanding the mechanisms linking infrastructure development to migration is crucial for policy-making.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how changes in community infrastructure (social and physical) affect rural out-migration.
To identify the direct and indirect pathways through which infrastructure influences migratory behavior.

Main Methods:

Utilized detailed data from Nepal to analyze the impact of infrastructure expansion.
Examined the effects of transportation, markets, employment, schools, health clinics, and mass media.

Main Results:

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Direct effects of economic and human capital infrastructure were found to reduce out-migration.
Increased economic infrastructure indirectly led to greater human and social capital accumulation.
These intervening factors, in turn, increased the likelihood of out-migration.

Conclusions:

Infrastructure development has both direct, migration-reducing effects and indirect, migration-increasing effects.
Short-term and long-term impacts of infrastructure on migration can be countervailing.
Migration outcomes are shaped by complex, multi-pathway interactions between infrastructure and human/social capital.