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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across different species.
Actin Treadmilling01:18

Actin Treadmilling

Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...

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Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
08:57

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Actin in mung bean mitochondria and implications for its function.

Yih-Shan Lo1, Ning Cheng, Lin-June Hsiao

  • 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China.

The Plant Cell
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant mitochondria contain actin, a protein involved in cell structure. This mitochondrial actin is imported into the organelle and binds to mitochondrial DNA, influencing mitochondrial function.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Research

Background:

  • Actin, a key cytoskeletal protein, is primarily known for its roles in the cytoplasm.
  • Its presence and function within plant mitochondria have been largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the localization and potential function of actin within plant mitochondria.
  • To explore the import pathway and interactions of mitochondrial actin.

Main Methods:

  • Protease and high-salt treatments to assess actin accessibility.
  • Visualization of actin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein import in transgenic plants.
  • Flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses.
  • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for protein-DNA interaction studies.

Main Results:

  • A significant fraction of plant mitochondrial actin is protected by mitochondrial membranes.
  • Actin is imported into mitochondria, with polymerized forms detected.
  • Mitochondrial actin binds to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is associated with other mitochondrial proteins.
  • Actin depolymerization affects mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C release.

Conclusions:

  • Plant mitochondria harbor actin, which is imported and interacts with mtDNA.
  • Mitochondrial actin plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the import pathway and functional significance of mitochondrial actin.