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Hypodermis

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Cultivating a Three-dimensional Reconstructed Human Epidermis at a Large Scale

Published on: May 28, 2021

A simple way to reconstruct a human 3-d hypodermis: a useful tool for pharmacological functionality.

C Lequeux¹, C Auxenfans, A Thépot

¹Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France. charlotte.lequeux @ chu-lyon.fr

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology

|October 12, 2011

Summary

This study presents a novel 3-D hypodermis model using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for obesity research. The engineered tissue allows for screening of slimming agents and aids in understanding obesity mechanisms.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

* Stem cell biology
* Tissue engineering
* Endocrinology

Background:

* Mature adipocyte culture remains a challenge in adipose tissue engineering.
* Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) offer a viable source for creating 3-D human hypodermis models.
* These models are crucial for studying obesity and screening potential slimming agents.

Purpose of the Study:

* To develop a functional 3-D human hypodermis model using ASCs.
* To assess the model's utility in screening obesity-related molecules and slimming agents.
* To provide an alternative to animal testing for pharmacotoxicological studies.

Main Methods:

* ASCs were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry and Western blot.
* Adipocyte differentiation was monitored via lipid and adiponectin secretion and Oil Red O staining.
* Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

Main Results:

* A thick, single-layer 3-D hypodermis model was successfully generated, co-culturing preadipocytes and mature adipocytes.
* The model synthesized adiponectin and ECM components, demonstrating functional characteristics.
* Glycerol production increased 3.5-fold upon stimulation, and caffeine treatment induced a slimming effect.

Conclusions:

* The developed 3-D hypodermis model is cost-effective, easy to prepare, and yields reproducible results.
* This model serves as a valuable tool for pharmacotoxicological trials, offering an alternative to animal experimentation.
* The model facilitates research into obesity mechanisms and the efficacy of active compounds.