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Published on: January 17, 2011

Management and prevention of endotracheal intubation injury in neonates

Julie L Wei1, Justin Bond

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA. jwei@kumc.edu

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|October 12, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Neonates face higher risks of airway injury from endotracheal intubation due to their anatomy. Management options for these glottic and subglottic injuries are improving.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Neonatal Critical Care
  • Airway Management

Background:

  • Neonates are susceptible to airway injuries from endotracheal intubation.
  • Risk factors include prematurity, small airway size, and prolonged intubation.
  • Unique neonatal laryngeal anatomy contributes to injury risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, pathology, and management of neonatal airway injuries.
  • Focus on injuries to the glottis, subglottis, and trachea.
  • To highlight risk factors and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published reports on intubation-related injuries in neonates.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including patient characteristics and intubation techniques.
  • Summary of current management strategies for various airway injuries.

Main Results:

  • Common injuries include laryngeal stenosis, subglottic stenosis (SGS), tracheal rupture, cysts, and perforation.
  • Prematurity and prolonged intubation are key risk factors for SGS and cysts.
  • Management varies from endoscopic procedures to open reconstructive surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Neonates have an increased risk of intubation-related airway injuries.
  • Endoscopic and open reconstructive techniques offer improved treatment options for glottic and subglottic stenosis.
Abstract

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