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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...

Sperm Transport

Sperm Transport

The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

Sperm transcriptome profiling in oligozoospermia.

Debbie Montjean¹, Pierre De La Grange, David Gentien

¹Advanced Technology Laboratory, ZA de l'Agiot 4 rue Louis Lormand, 78320, La Verrière, Paris, France. debbie_montjean@hotmail.com

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics

|October 13, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sperm gene expression differs significantly in infertile men, with reduced expression in genes crucial for sperm production and function. This finding highlights key molecular differences in male infertility.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Genomics
Male Infertility Research

Background:

Male infertility affects a significant portion of couples trying to conceive.
Understanding the molecular basis of infertility is crucial for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in the sperm transcriptome between infertile and fertile men.
To identify specific genes and pathways affected in male infertility.

Main Methods:

Semen samples were collected from infertile and fertile men.
Sperm parameters were analyzed, and RNA was isolated for gene expression profiling.
Microarray analysis (Affymetrix Chip HG-U133 Plus 2.0) was performed on spermatozoa.

Main Results:

A significant reduction (up to 33-fold) in the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis and sperm motility was observed.
Decreased expression of genes related to DNA repair and oxidative stress regulation was noted.
A notable decrease in the expression of histone modification genes was identified.

Conclusions:

The sperm transcriptome profile of men with idiopathic infertility differs from that of fertile individuals.
Approximately 15% of the regulated genes identified play a role in spermatogenesis, underscoring their importance.