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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...

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Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
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Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

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Polymorphism and solvatomorphism 2010.

Harry G Brittain1

  • 1Center for Pharmaceutical Physics, Milford, New Jersey 08848, USA. hbrittain@centerpharmphysics.com

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|October 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes 2010 research on polymorphism and solvatomorphism, covering crystal structures and solvent inclusion in chemical compounds. It highlights computational, preparative, and characterization studies, including US patents.

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Polymorphism involves different crystal structures of the same compound.
  • Solvatomorphism includes solvent molecules within crystal structures.
  • Understanding these phenomena is crucial for material properties and drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of polymorphism and solvatomorphism research published in 2010.
  • To consolidate findings from major scientific journals and patents.
  • To categorize and present advancements in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific papers and patents from 2010.
  • Categorization of studies into general interest, computational, preparative, characterization, and phase transformation.

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

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  • Inclusion of US patents related to polymorphism and solvatomorphism.
  • Main Results:

    • A wide range of studies on crystal systems, including computational and experimental approaches.
    • Detailed characterization and property analysis of polymorphic and solvatomorphic forms.
    • Documentation of phase transformations and secondary processing effects.

    Conclusions:

    • The field of polymorphism and solvatomorphism saw significant research activity in 2010.
    • Advancements were made in understanding, preparing, and characterizing these crystal systems.
    • The review serves as a valuable resource for researchers in solid-state chemistry and related fields.