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Updated: May 28, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Published on: December 30, 2025
1Department of Plastic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. siemiom@ccf.org
This study details twenty years of experience in vascularized composite allografts (VCA), culminating in the first US face transplantation. It covers protocol development, regulatory hurdles, and the crucial multidisciplinary team approach for successful outcomes.
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