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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Retrospective Cardiac Gating with A Prototype Small-Animal X-ray Computed Tomograph
05:32

Retrospective Cardiac Gating with A Prototype Small-Animal X-ray Computed Tomograph

Published on: February 21, 2025

Quantitative single-exposure x-ray phase contrast imaging using a single attenuation grid.

Kaye S Morgan1, David M Paganin, Karen K W Siu

  • 1School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. kaye.morgan@monash.edu

Optics Express
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel single-exposure x-ray phase contrast imaging method for in vivo animal studies. The technique offers high sensitivity for detecting subtle sample variations, crucial for dynamic biological observations.

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X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
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X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

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Retrospective Cardiac Gating with A Prototype Small-Animal X-ray Computed Tomograph
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X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • X-ray Physics

Background:

  • Quantitative phase contrast imaging (QPDI) is essential for visualizing subtle biological structures.
  • Existing methods often require multiple exposures, limiting their use in dynamic in vivo studies.
  • High sensitivity is needed to detect small variations in sample composition or thickness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a single-exposure quantitative method for x-ray phase contrast imaging.
  • To enable in vivo observations in animal models with high sensitivity.
  • To provide a tool for analyzing both sharp edges and low phase gradients in biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • A single-exposure quantitative x-ray phase contrast imaging technique was developed.
  • The method analyzes the deformation of a reference grid pattern by the sample.
  • Shack-Hartmann sensor principles are adapted to resolve grid pattern shifts.

Main Results:

  • The method was experimentally validated using a static sample and an ex vivo biological airway.
  • Quantitative phase depth maps were successfully recovered.
  • The technique demonstrated sensitivity to both sharp edges and low phase gradients.

Conclusions:

  • The developed single-exposure method is suitable for in vivo animal imaging.
  • It provides high sensitivity for detecting small sample variations.
  • This technique advances quantitative phase contrast imaging for dynamic biological applications.