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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Phasor Arithmetics01:13

Phasor Arithmetics

Phasors and their corresponding sinusoids are interrelated, offering unique insights into the behavior of alternating current (AC) circuits. One way to understand this relationship is through the operations of differentiation and integration in both the time and phasor domains.
When the derivative of a sinusoid is taken in the time domain, it transforms into its corresponding phasor multiplied by j-omega (jω) in the phasor domain, where j is the imaginary unit, and ω is the angular frequency.
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...
Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator01:30

RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator

An RLC circuit combines a resistor, inductor, and capacitor, connected in a series or parallel combination.
Consider a series RLC circuit. Here, the presence of resistance in the circuit leads to energy loss due to joule heating in the resistance. Therefore, the total electromagnetic energy in the circuit is no longer constant and decreases with time. Since the magnitude of charge, current, and potential difference continuously decreases, their oscillations are said to be damped. This is...

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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Monolithically integrated heterodyne optical phase-lock loop with RF XOR phase detector.

Robert J Steed1, Francesca Pozzi, Martyn J Fice

  • 1Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.

Optics Express
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a monolithic InP heterodyne optical phase-lock loop (OPLL) for precise laser frequency control. The developed OPLL achieves high-quality phase locking for tunable offset frequencies up to 6.1 GHz.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Semiconductor Lasers
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • Achieving precise frequency control of semiconductor lasers is crucial for advanced optical systems.
  • Heterodyne optical phase-lock loops (OPLLs) offer a robust method for laser frequency stabilization.
  • Monolithic integration presents challenges in minimizing loop delay for high-performance OPLLs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present results for a monolithically integrated InP heterodyne OPLL.
  • To demonstrate phase locking of an integrated laser to an external source with tunable offset frequencies.
  • To characterize the phase noise and phase error variance of the locked system.

Main Methods:

  • Monolithic integration of a semiconductor laser on InP with external phase detector and loop filter.
  • Implementation of a custom-designed feedback circuit with sub-nanosecond propagation delay and >1 GHz open-loop bandwidth.
  • Minimization of loop delay to <1.8 ns, including <20 ps optical path delay.

Main Results:

  • Phase locking achieved for offset frequencies tunable between 0.6 GHz and 6.1 GHz.
  • Phase noise below -90 dBc/Hz for frequency offsets >20 kHz.
  • Phase error variance of 0.04 rad² within a 10 GHz bandwidth.

Conclusions:

  • Monolithic integration enables high-quality phase locking of lasers with different linewidths.
  • The developed OPLL meets stringent requirements for phase locking performance.
  • This technology is suitable for applications requiring precise laser frequency control.