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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

Published on: August 8, 2017

Mutability of prions.

Jiali Li1, Sukhvir P Mahal, Cheryl A Demczyk

  • 1Department of Infectology, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.

EMBO Reports
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prions adapt to cultured cells, with some developing swainsonine resistance. Brain passage restores this mutability, indicating it

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Published on: January 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Prion Biology
  • Cellular Adaptation

Background:

  • Murine prions (22L strain) adapt to neuroblastoma PK1 cells.
  • Brain-derived 22L prions are swainsonine (swa)-resistant in PK1 cells.
  • PK1 cell-adapted prions are typically swainsonine-sensitive but can select for resistant substrains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adaptation and mutational capacity of prion strains in cell culture.
  • To determine if prion conformations can change and regain mutability.

Main Methods:

  • Serial propagation of cloned PK1 cell-adapted 22L prions.
  • Selection for swainsonine resistance.
  • Passage of cell-adapted prions through mouse brain.

Main Results:

  • Four of nine cloned PK1 cell-adapted prion lines acquired swainsonine resistance after 30-90 doublings.
  • One clone remained swainsonine-incompetent even after extensive expansion.
  • Passage through the brain rendered all previously immutable clones swainsonine-resistant and mutable.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-adapted prions can evolve mutable or immutable conformations.
  • Mutability is a dynamic, substrain-specific attribute.
  • Prion passage through the brain can restore mutability to cell-adapted strains.