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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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Cranial Meninges
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Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point
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Chiari type I malformation in children.

L Massimi1, F Novegno, C di Rocco

  • 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.

Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiari type I malformation (CIM) diagnosis is increasing due to MRI. This review clarifies CIM pathogenesis, natural history, and controversial management for better understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Chiari type I malformation (CIM) diagnosis is increasingly common, often incidental, even in children.
  • The condition presents challenges due to numerous affected individuals, asymptomatic cases, unclear pathogenesis, and debated surgical options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of Chiari type I malformation.
  • To focus on the controversial aspects: pathogenesis, natural history, and management.
  • To present current classification, clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological findings.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of CIM classification.
  • Description of clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological findings.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on CIM.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased CIM detection rates.
  • CIM management remains controversial, particularly regarding pathogenesis and treatment.
  • The paper consolidates information on CIM's heterogeneous nature.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to resolve uncertainties in CIM pathogenesis and management.
  • A comprehensive understanding of CIM's clinical presentation is crucial.
  • This review serves as a resource for clinicians managing CIM.