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Related Experiment Videos

Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex.

P J Lang1, M M Bradley, B N Cuthbert

  • 1Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.

Psychological Review
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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This study introduces a biphasic emotion model where reflexes are augmented or inhibited based on emotional valence. This explains the affect-startle effect, enhancing our understanding of emotional perception and memory.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Existing research on attention and fear conditioning shows inconsistencies.
  • The startle-probe methodology offers a way to investigate emotional responses.
  • A biphasic model of emotion (appetitive vs. aversive) can explain these inconsistencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a theoretical model of emotion based on the startle-probe methodology.
  • To explain inconsistencies in attention and fear conditioning studies.
  • To offer a new approach to understanding emotional perception, imagery, and memory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the startle-probe methodology to investigate emotional responses.
  • Examined the startle response (an aversive reflex) in different emotional contexts (fearful vs. pleasant).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigated the influence of emotional valence on reflex augmentation and inhibition.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that the startle response is enhanced during fear states and diminished in pleasant contexts (affect-startle effect).
    • Showed this effect is independent of general arousal, attention, or probe modality.
    • Found the effect occurs with picture or memory-evoked emotions and is modulated by aversive conditioning.

    Conclusions:

    • Emotions are organized biphasically (appetitive/aversive), influencing reflex responses.
    • The affect-startle effect provides a framework for understanding emotional perception, imagery, and memory.
    • Findings have implications for clinical, neurophysiological, and basic emotion research, potentially involving right-hemisphere processing.