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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
09:57

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2022

Constant amplitude broadband refocusing pulses from numerical optimization.

Douglas Brown1

  • 1Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. doebrown@indiana.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC
|October 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed short, constant-amplitude refocusing pulses for high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) using numerical optimization. These broadband pulses enhance signal refocusing, particularly for Carbon-13 in complex NMR experiments.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
09:57

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Control

Background:

  • High-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) requires efficient refocusing pulses to counteract magnetic field inhomogeneities and spin evolution.
  • Existing broadband pulses can be lengthy or complex, limiting their application in fast multidimensional NMR experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize minimal duration, constant amplitude broadband refocusing pulses for high-field NMR.
  • To explore pulse performance across various bandwidths (40-80 kHz) and modulation frequencies (18 kHz).

Main Methods:

  • Numerical optimization of Bloch simulations to generate broadband 90° pulses.
  • Concatenation of optimized pulses with their time and phase reversed transformations.
  • Investigation of pulse variants including multi-frequency optimization and sine-squared amplitude truncation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed constant amplitude refocusing pulses with minimal duration for bandwidths of 40, 60, and 80 kHz.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of constructing broadband pulses through numerical optimization and pulse concatenation.
  • Identified pulse variants offering potential improvements in performance and applicability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed broadband refocusing pulses offer a practical solution for efficient signal refocusing in high-field NMR.
  • These pulses are expected to find immediate application, particularly for Carbon-13 refocusing in multidimensional NMR experiments.
  • The numerical optimization approach provides a versatile strategy for designing advanced NMR pulse sequences.