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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity
07:13

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Published on: January 6, 2015

Changes in pulmonary function during pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study.

G Grindheim1, K Toska, M-E Estensen

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Guro.Grindheim@oslo-universitetssykehus.no

BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|October 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung function, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), significantly increases during healthy pregnancies. These changes, particularly in FVC, appear to persist postpartum, with higher FVC% observed in parous women.

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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces significant physiological adaptations.
  • Understanding lung function changes during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.
  • Factors like parity and weight gain may influence these respiratory changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document physiological changes in lung function throughout healthy pregnancies.
  • To assess the impact of parity, pregestational overweight, and excessive gestational weight gain on lung function.
  • To evaluate if observed lung function changes during pregnancy persist postpartum.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study involving 100 healthy white women with singleton pregnancies.
  • Repeated spirometry measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were conducted at multiple gestational points (14-36 weeks) and 6 months postpartum.
  • Lung function parameters were also analyzed as percentages of predicted values (FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%).

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in FVC, FVC%, PEF, and PEF% were observed after 14-16 weeks of gestation compared to postpartum values.
  • Nulliparous women exhibited a significantly lower FVC% compared to parous women.
  • No significant differences in FVC, FEV1, or PEF were associated with pregestational overweight or excessive gestational weight gain.

Conclusions:

  • Forced vital capacity (FVC) demonstrates a significant increase after 14-16 weeks of gestation.
  • The higher FVC% in parous women suggests that pregnancy-induced lung function changes may have lasting effects.
  • Peak expiratory flow (PEF) increases during healthy pregnancies, necessitating careful interpretation in pregnant individuals with pre-existing lung conditions.