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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

[The multifaceted TSH receptor]

A Chalançon1, I Raingeard, J-L Sadoul

  • 1Maladies Endocriniennes, Hôpital Lapeyronie, avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier cedex 5, France. a-chalancon@chu-montpellier.fr

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|October 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The TSH receptor

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and molecular biology, focusing on the TSH receptor's role in thyroid function.

Context:

  • The TSH receptor (TSHR) is crucial for thyroid homeostasis, with numerous mutations identified since 1989.
  • Classical and severe TSHR dysfunction includes toxic adenomas and TSH resistance syndromes.
  • Emerging methods enable characterization of milder TSHR-related clinical conditions.

Purpose:

  • To explore novel methodologies for characterizing TSHR mutations and signaling pathways.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind both severe and milder forms of TSHR dysfunction.
  • To investigate the clinical implications of TSHR signaling and develop new therapeutic modulators.

Summary:

  • Advanced techniques, including linear regression analysis and assessment of receptor oligomerization, differentiate TSHR mutations.
  • Early intracellular oligomerization explains dominant inheritance in mild TSH resistance.

More Related Videos

The Use of Fluorescent Target Arrays for Assessment of T Cell Responses In vivo
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The Use of Fluorescent Target Arrays for Assessment of T Cell Responses In vivo

Published on: June 19, 2014

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
19:05

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Published on: October 30, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

The Use of Fluorescent Target Arrays for Assessment of T Cell Responses In vivo
12:09

The Use of Fluorescent Target Arrays for Assessment of T Cell Responses In vivo

Published on: June 19, 2014

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
19:05

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Published on: October 30, 2015

  • Further research is needed on TSHR signaling, such as persistent activity post-internalization, and its clinical relevance.

    • Impact:

    • Improved understanding of TSHR function and dysfunction in thyroid disorders.
    • Potential for diagnosing and managing milder, previously uncharacterized TSHR-related conditions.
    • Development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the TSH receptor for thyroid diseases.