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Updated: May 28, 2026

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: July 14, 2023
[Properties evaluation of collagen-hydroxyapatite-chondroitin sulfate-bone morphogenetic protein bone substitute
Hao Wang1, Li-cheng Zhang, Tao Shi
1Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
Objective:
To construct a new 3D porous bone substitute material with collagen, hydroxyapatite and chondroitin sulfate, which has the main components of nature bone and the cell growth factor BMP-2 with bone inductive ability.
Methods:
Collagen-hydroxyapatite-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds were prepared by chemical cross linking and freeze-drying, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) was incorporated into the scaffolds by adsorption. The bone substitute material was investigated by HE analysis, scanning electron microscope(SEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded into the scaffolds and cultured to form cell/scaffold (CS) constructs in vitro. The ectopic osteoinduction of the scaffolds were evaluated in vivo.
Results:
The bone substitute material had a porous 3D structure facilitating cells growing into it. Implanted into the muscle, the scaffolds were degraded with the forming of new bone.
Conclusion:
Our Findings indicate that the bone substitute material has good biocompatibility and its attachment to CS could improve the adhesion and differentiation of cells.
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