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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation. However, because inorganic electron donors...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, heliobacteria, and...
Diversity of Archaea II01:24

Diversity of Archaea II

Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
08:21

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Potential for phosphite and phosphonate utilization by Prochlorococcus.

Roi Feingersch1, Alon Philosof, Tom Mejuch

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

The ISME Journal
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus utilize phosphonates (Pn), crucial organic phosphorus compounds, in low-nutrient oceans. They possess multiple Pn transporters, enabling adaptation to phosphorus-limited environments.

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
08:21

Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

Published on: May 18, 2018

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Phosphonates (Pn) are significant organic phosphorus compounds in marine ecosystems.
  • Pn bioavailability is critical for bacterial primary production in phosphorus-limited oceanic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary microbial contributors to phosphonate utilization in the open ocean.
  • To investigate the genetic basis and specificity of phosphonate uptake in marine bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of metagenomic data from the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) expedition.
  • Identification of phosphonate uptake operons in Prochlorococcus genomes.
  • Microcalorimetric measurements to determine binding specificities of phosphonate-binding proteins.

Main Results:

  • Prochlorococcus, a key marine primary producer, is identified as a major potential consumer of phosphonates in surface waters.
  • Multiple Prochlorococcus strains harbor distinct phosphonate (Pn) uptake operons encoding ABC-type transporters.
  • Two distinct phosphonate-binding protein (PhnD) homologs exhibit different specificities for various phosphonates and inorganic phosphite.

Conclusions:

  • Prochlorococcus adapts to low-phosphorus environments by employing a diverse array of phosphonate transporters.
  • This adaptation enhances their ability to utilize different phosphonates and inorganic phosphite, crucial for survival in nutrient-poor conditions.