Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
07:00

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and plasma levels association in patients with coronary artery disease

Luciana Moreira Lima1, Maria das Graças Carvalho, Cirilo Pereira Fonseca Neto

  • 1Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. lucianamoreiralima@yahoo.com.br

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia
|October 21, 2011
PubMed

Insights

The 4G/4G genotype of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is linked to higher PAI-1 levels and severe coronary artery disease (CAD) in Brazilian individuals. Further research is needed to determine if high PAI-1 causes or results from atherosclerosis.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease
  • Molecular Biology and Atherosclerosis
  • Clinical Research in Cardiology

Background:

  • Type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism influences PAI-1 expression.
  • Elevated plasma PAI-1 levels are a known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism on plasma PAI-1 levels.
  • To assess the association between PAI-1 polymorphism, PAI-1 levels, and CAD severity determined by coronary angiography.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism using PCR with allele-specific primers.
  • Quantification of plasma PAI-1 levels via ELISA assay.
  • Analysis of blood samples from patients with varying degrees of coronary stenosis and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • The 4G/4G genotype and higher plasma PAI-1 levels were significantly more prevalent in the severe atheromatosis group.
  • Individuals with the 4G/4G genotype exhibited significantly higher plasma PAI-1 levels compared to the 5G/5G genotype.
  • PAI-1 was independently associated with coronary artery stenosis exceeding 70% in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between the 4G/4G genotype, elevated plasma PAI-1, and severe coronary stenosis (>70%) in the studied Brazilian population.
  • The causal relationship between high plasma PAI-1 levels and the progression of atherosclerosis requires further investigation.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty10:03

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Published on: January 28, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...