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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique
05:42

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

Published on: July 27, 2022

Fluoride release from restorative materials.

Gabriela Romanini Basso1, Alvaro Della Bona, Delton Luiz Gobbi

  • 1Dental School, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Brazilian Dental Journal
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) demonstrated the highest fluoride release among tested dental materials. The most significant fluoride release occurred within the initial 24 hours of evaluation.

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Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
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Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique
05:42

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

Published on: July 27, 2022

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
03:37

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials
  • Cariology

Background:

  • Glass ionomer cements (GICs) and resin-modified GICs (RMGICs) are widely used dental restorative materials.
  • Fluoride release from these materials is a key property for their cariostatic effect.
  • Understanding the fluoride release kinetics of different materials is crucial for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare in vitro fluoride release from a conventional GIC, two RMGICs, and a composite resin.
  • To quantify fluoride release over a 28-day period.
  • To identify which material exhibits the highest fluoride ion release.

Main Methods:

  • Four restorative materials were tested: Ketak Molar Easymix (KME, GIC), Rely-X luting 2 (RL2, RMGIC), Vitremer (VIT, RMGIC), and Filtek Z250 (Z250, composite).
  • Disc-shaped specimens were immersed in reverse osmosis water at 37°C.
  • Fluoride ion concentration was measured using a selective ion electrode at 6-hour intervals for the first day, then daily for 28 days.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.

Main Results:

  • Rely-X luting 2 (RL2) RMGIC exhibited significantly higher fluoride release compared to KME, VIT, and Z250 across all time points.
  • The highest fluoride release for all materials, particularly RL2, was observed within the first 24 hours.
  • Filtek Z250 (Z250) showed minimal fluoride release, serving as a negative control.

Conclusions:

  • Rely-X luting 2 (RMGIC) is a superior fluoride-releasing material among those tested.
  • The initial 24-hour period is critical for observing the majority of fluoride release from these dental restorative materials.
  • Material type significantly influences the rate and extent of fluoride ion release.