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Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

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Mapping Dysfunctional Protein-Protein Interactions in Disease
09:39

Mapping Dysfunctional Protein-Protein Interactions in Disease

Published on: October 24, 2025

Intrinsic protein disorder in human pathways.

Jessica H Fong1, Benjamin A Shoemaker, Anna R Panchenko

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. fongj@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Molecular Biosystems
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intrinsic disorder in proteins plays a key role in biological pathways. This study identifies specific pathways and protein relationships enriched with disordered proteins, particularly in gene expression and protein binding.

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics and Bioinformatics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Proteins with intrinsic disorder are crucial for cellular functions.
  • Understanding protein function requires analyzing their roles within biological pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of intrinsically disordered proteins within human-specific KEGG pathways.
  • To identify specific pathways and protein relationships enriched in disordered proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human-specific KEGG pathways.
  • Identification of pathways and protein relationships significantly enriched in proteins with intrinsic disorder.

Main Results:

  • Specific pathways related to gene expression, protein binding, and protein phosphorylation are significantly enriched in disordered proteins.
  • Protein activation and inhibition pathways show a low content of disordered proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic disorder is a key feature in specific biological processes, particularly those involving gene expression and protein interactions.
  • The degree of protein disorder is context-dependent and varies across different functional relationships within pathways.