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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Published on: July 6, 2011

Online social network size is reflected in human brain structure.

R Kanai¹, B Bahrami, R Roylance

¹UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK. r.kanai@ucl.ac.uk

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|October 21, 2011

Summary

The number of online friends correlates with specific brain structures, suggesting a biological basis for social network size. This brain structure variation also relates to real-world social group size.

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Published on: March 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Social Psychology
Digital Anthropology

Background:

Social networking services (SNS) are increasingly prevalent.
Individual participation in SNS varies significantly, with unclear underlying reasons.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the biological underpinnings of variations in online social network size.
To explore the relationship between online social network size and brain structure.

Main Methods:

Quantitative analysis of online friendship network size.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to measure grey matter density.
Correlation analysis between online network size, brain structure, and real-world social group size.

Main Results:

Online friendship network size predicted grey matter density in the right superior temporal sulcus, left middle temporal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex.
Online network size correlated with real-world social group size.
Amygdala grey matter density correlated with both online and real-world social network sizes.

Conclusions:

Focal brain structures associated with social cognition are linked to the size of an individual's online social network.
Findings suggest a biological basis for individual differences in social network engagement.