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Updated: May 28, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Targeting endothelial dysfunction in vascular complications associated with diabetes.

Arpeeta Sharma¹, Pascal N Bernatchez, Judy B de Haan

¹Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, St. Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia.

International Journal of Vascular Medicine

|October 21, 2011

Summary

Diabetic cardiovascular complications stem from endothelial dysfunction, driven by reduced nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress. Novel therapies targeting these pathways offer potential vascular protection for diabetic patients.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Research
Endocrinology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical early event in diabetes, accelerating vascular complications.
Key mechanisms include reduced endothelial-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Purpose of the Study:

To review novel therapeutic targets for diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction.
To explore strategies for upregulating EDNO production and enhancing antioxidant capacity.
To highlight endogenous molecules and enzyme mimetics for restoring endothelial function.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical and laboratory investigations.
Analysis of endogenous signaling molecules modulating EDNO synthesis.
Evaluation of mimetics of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.

Main Results:

Endothelial dysfunction is a primary driver of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Therapeutic strategies focus on increasing EDNO and reducing ROS.
Endogenous molecules and enzyme mimetics show promise.

Conclusions:

Targeting EDNO production and antioxidant capacity can limit oxidative stress.
Novel therapeutic strategies may confer vascular protection in diabetes.
These approaches aim to improve outcomes for diabetes-associated vascular complications.