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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
09:03

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Published on: August 25, 2019

Birth defects surveillance in China.

Li Dai1, Jun Zhu, Juan Liang

  • 1National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

China

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Birth defects pose a significant global health challenge, contributing to infant mortality and disability.
  • In China, an estimated 4%-6% of newborns are affected by birth defects annually.
  • A national hospital-based birth defects monitoring system has been operational for 20 years.

Observation:

  • The national system monitored over 1.3 million births in 2009, representing over 8% of the national total.
  • Thirty provincial surveillance programs covered more than 3.6 million births (22% of the national total).
  • Significant progress has been achieved in case ascertainment, data quality, and online reporting.

Findings:

  • Limitations include short ascertainment periods missing early anomalies and the need for standardized diagnostic criteria.
  • Discrepancies in diagnosis between institutes can affect detection rates and introduce bias.
  • Lack of baseline data and integrated databases hinder etiological studies and decision-making.

Implications:

  • Effective birth defect surveillance is crucial for developing and evaluating interventions.
  • Improvements are needed in national and provincial surveillance systems to better study and prevent birth defects in China.