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Does the iowa gambling task measure executive function?

David A Gansler¹, Matthew W Jerram, Tracy D Vannorsdall

¹Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dgansler@suffolk.edu

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

|October 22, 2011

Summary

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) measures executive functioning and attention. Findings suggest the IGT is more strongly associated with attention than executive function, challenging its sole use as an executive function measure.

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Area of Science:

Neuropsychology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychometrics

Background:

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is widely used to assess executive functioning.
Empirical validation of the IGT's convergent and discriminant validity for executive function has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To empirically test the convergent and discriminant validity of the IGT as a measure of executive functioning.
To determine the relationship between the IGT and other neuropsychological domains using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Main Methods:

Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed with data from 214 healthy adults.
A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered.
Analysis included conventional and alternative IGT metrics.

Main Results:

SEM confirmed a six-factor hierarchical model of neuropsychological functioning.
Attention, but not processing speed, predicted IGT performance.
Executive functioning (EF) improved model fit for IGT metrics from trials 41-100, but attention was a stronger predictor overall.

Conclusions:

The IGT is a multi-trait task, influenced by both attention and executive functioning.
Attention is a more significant factor in IGT performance than executive functioning.
The IGT's utility as a pure measure of executive function requires careful consideration.