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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

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Published on: September 20, 2020

Aging and executive functioning: a training study on focus-switching.

Lara Dorbath1, Marcus Hasselhorn, Cora Titz

  • 1German Institute for International Educational Research Frankfurt/Main, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show reduced trainability in cognitive switching but not in memory maintenance, suggesting targeted training can compensate for age-related executive control differences.

Keywords:
age effectsfocus-switchingmaintenanceswitchingtrainabilityworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive decline is often linked to executive control processes.
  • Executive control involves distinct components, including working memory maintenance and task switching.
  • Previous research indicates age-related deficits in memory maintenance but not in switching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the trainability of working memory maintenance and focus-switching.
  • To examine if training can mitigate age-related deficits in executive control components.

Main Methods:

  • A pretest-training-posttest design was used with 85 younger and 91 older adults.
  • Participants completed a continuous counting task under four training conditions varying in maintenance and switching demands.
  • Training gains were assessed to compare performance improvements between age groups.

Main Results:

  • Both younger and older adults showed improvements from training in both maintenance and switching.
  • Older adults' performance in maintenance improved to the level of younger adults after training.
  • Younger adults exhibited greater training gains in switching compared to older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Training can effectively improve both maintenance and switching components of executive control in older adults.
  • While maintenance training compensates for age-related deficits, switching trainability is reduced in older adults.
  • These findings highlight dissociable age effects on the trainability of executive functions.