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SIT beyond respiratory diseases
Giovanni B Pajno1, Ira Finegold
1Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Unit, University of Messina, Italy. Giovanni.Pajno@unime.it
Summary
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) effectively induces tolerance to foods like milk and egg in most patients with IgE-mediated food allergies. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) also shows promise for treating atopic dermatitis (AD).
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Dermatology
- Clinical Therapeutics
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) and IgE-mediated food allergies are common conditions.
- Current treatments for AD and food allergies have limitations.
- Immunotherapy offers potential alternative treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of specific immunotherapy (SIT) in reducing symptoms and medication use in patients with extrinsic AD.
- To assess the effectiveness of oral immunotherapy (OIT) in achieving food tolerance in patients with IgE-mediated food allergies.
Main Methods:
- Bibliographic searches of MEDLINE and hand searches of reference lists were conducted.
- Included studies were double-blind randomized controlled trials comparing SIT (SCIT or SLIT) or OIT with placebo.
- Thirty-two studies were analyzed, with a focus on placebo-controlled trials for AD and OIT.
Main Results:
- OIT achieved full tolerance in 36%-92% of patients with cow's milk or egg allergy, and partial tolerance in 8%-53%.
- Patients in OIT studies had histories of mild to severe reactions, including anaphylaxis.
- House dust mite SIT showed significant SCORAD-Index improvement: 72% with SCIT and 54% with SLIT.
Conclusions:
- OIT is effective for achieving tolerance in most patients with IgE-mediated food allergies.
- SIT may serve as an adjunctive therapy for selected patients with extrinsic AD.
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