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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

DNA replication: failures and inverted fusions.

Antony M Carr1, Andrew L Paek, Ted Weinert

  • 1Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UK. a.m.carr@sussex.ac.uk

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding DNA replication forks is crucial for comprehending genome stability. This study examines replication fork dynamics and failures, linking them to genome rearrangements and cellular health.

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Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay
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Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay

Published on: February 3, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay
10:32

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay

Published on: February 3, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication, governed by Watson-Crick principles, faces challenges from DNA damage and transcription.
  • Replication fork integrity is vital for preventing genome instability and cell death.
  • Deep sequencing studies highlight links between genome rearrangements and replication fork failures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex behavior of DNA replication forks.
  • To understand how cells overcome replication obstacles and minimize errors.
  • To explore the connection between replication fork failures and genome rearrangements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA replication fork dynamics, including stall, collapse, and restart phases.
  • Investigation of replication fork failures leading to genomic alterations.
  • Case studies of replication instability in fission yeast and budding yeast.

Main Results:

  • Replication fork behavior is complex, with distinct phases of stall, collapse, and restart.
  • Replication fork failures are implicated in various genome rearrangements observed in pathologies.
  • Specific examples from yeast studies illustrate mechanisms of replication fork instability.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding replication fork mechanics is key to addressing genome instability.
  • Replication fork failures contribute to diverse genome rearrangements.
  • Further research into replication fork dynamics can illuminate disease mechanisms.