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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

Muscles that Move the Head

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

Directional Terms

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Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to the body's upright...

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Related Experiment Videos

Anterior approach to cervical spine.

Kenneth M C Cheung¹, K C Mak, Keith D K Luk

¹Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. ken-cheung@hku.hk

|October 25, 2011

Summary

This review details three preferred anterior cervical spine surgical techniques, offering expert tips for optimal patient outcomes. These methods provide effective solutions for anterior column pathologies.

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Spine Surgery
Surgical Technique

Background:

Numerous anterior surgical approaches to the cervical spine have been documented.
This review focuses on the authors' preferred techniques, including practical tips.

Purpose of the Study:

To present preferred methods for anterior cervical spine surgery.
To offer personal tips and pearls for performing these procedures.

Main Methods:

Review of established accounts of transoral, anterolateral (Smith-Robinson), and split manubrium approaches.
Inclusion of authors' specific preferences and guidance.
Systematic description from the most superior to inferior aspects of the cervical spine.

Main Results:

Detailed descriptions of transoral, anterolateral (Smith-Robinson), and manubriotomy approaches.
Each technique includes preoperative considerations, anatomical landmarks, incision details, closure, and complication monitoring.
Pathologies addressable by each approach are briefly outlined.

Conclusions:

The three anterior cervical approaches are effective for anterior column pathologies.
These techniques complement posterior approaches, enhancing surgical options.
They represent essential tools for spine surgeons.