Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Comparison of urinary tract infection in calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stone formers

M H Gault1, M D Paul, L Longerich

  • 1General Hospital, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.

Nephron
|January 1, 1990
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infections are not significantly more common in calcium phosphate stone formers than in calcium oxalate stone formers. This study suggests infection is not the primary cause of calcium phosphate stones.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a potential factor in kidney stone formation.
  • Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate stones are common types of renal calculi.
  • The role of infection in the etiology of calcium phosphate stones requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of UTIs in patients forming calcium phosphate versus calcium oxalate stones.
  • To investigate the prevalence of urease-producing bacteria in calcium phosphate stone formers.
  • To assess the association between urine leucocytes and stone type.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of patients with renal stones analyzed for composition.
  • Categorization into calcium phosphate (n=118) and calcium oxalate (n=223) stone formers.
  • Comparison of positive urine cultures and urine leucocyte counts between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • Positive urine cultures were slightly more frequent in calcium phosphate stone formers (17% men, 22% women) compared to calcium oxalate stone formers (7.6% men, 15% women), but this difference was not statistically significant.
  • Urease-producing bacteria were identified in only 4% of the calcium phosphate stone group.
  • Urine leucocytes were more frequent in the calcium oxalate group, particularly in women.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support the hypothesis that calcium phosphate stones are primarily caused by infections with urease-producing bacteria.
  • Urinary tract infections do not appear to be a significantly greater risk factor for calcium phosphate stone formation compared to calcium oxalate stones.

More Related Videos

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection07:57

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...