Isolation of a new class of 'flat' revertants from ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells using cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline

A new class of nontransformed revertant cells has been isolated from the ras-transformed cell line DT using cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (CHP) as a selective agent. The new revertants, CHP 9CJ and CHP CB4, each contain two copies of the v-Ki-ras gene, elevated levels of phosphorylated p21ras protein, and rescuable transforming virus, indicating that the revertant phenotype observed in these cells does not result from inactivation of v-Ki-ras or inhibition of its expression. Both CHP 9CJ and CHP CB4 revertants show a greatly reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar and to produce tumors in syngeneic mice. CHP 9CJ cells are resistant to retransformation by ras and by additional oncogenes that do not encode tyrosine kinases. A comparison of oncogene resistance patterns in these CHP-derived revertants with those from our original ouabain-derived revertants fos C-11 and F-2 indicates that oncogenes may be divided into four general groups. Oncogenes that encode proteins structurally related to p21ras comprise the first group. The second group contains only tyrosine kinase-encoding oncogenes. The third group is composed of 'nuclear', e.g. fos, and 'cytoplasmic' serine-threonine-encoding oncogenes such as mos and raf. The fourth group contains the oncogenes sis and fms.