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Updated: May 28, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
Published on: July 26, 2017
[Study of the Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms in diseases presenting with subclinical and chronic
1Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest Szentkirályi utca 46. 1088. reismann@freestart.hu
Unlabelled:
Toll-like receptor 4, a central mediator of the innate immune response has been shown to play an important role not only in the defense mechanism against microorganism, but also other non-infectious inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, which are common co-segregation polymorphisms of the Toll-like receptor 4 gene have been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility for Gram-negative infections, but with a lower risk of carotid atherosclerosis and a reduced level of certain proinflammatory cytokines.
Aim:
The role of these polymorphisms in diabetes mellitus with its late microvascular complications, in ischemic stroke, and in chronic periodontitis was investigated in three independent studies.
Methods:
In all studies the alleles of both polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent cleavage by restriction endonucleases followed by gel electrophoresis.
Results:
In patients with type 2 diabetes, heterozygote carriers of the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms of the Toll-like receptor 4 gene had a significantly reduced prevalence of peripheral neuropathy, while there was no association with any other diabetic microvascular complication, or with cerebral ischemia or with chronic periodontitis.
Conclusions:
Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms are not enough sensitive genetic markers for risk stratification either in diabetes mellitus or in cerebral ischemia or in chronic periodontitis.
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