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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Chemotherapy in pregnancy.

Molly Brewer1, Angela Kueck, Carolyn D Runowicz

  • 1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA. mbrewer@uchc.edu

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cancer complicates 1 in 1000 pregnancies, but treatment is often possible without serious risk to the fetus. Careful risk-benefit evaluation guides maternal cancer care during gestation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Cancer affects approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies.
  • Common cancers include breast, cervical, thyroid, leukemia, lymphoma, and ovarian cancers.
  • Pregnancy-associated cancers challenge treatment decisions, balancing maternal health with fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management of cancer during pregnancy.
  • To evaluate the risks and benefits of cancer treatment for both mother and fetus.
  • To understand the impact of chemotherapy on fetal development and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pregnancy and cancer.
  • Analysis of maternal and fetal risks associated with various cancer treatments.
  • Examination of chemotherapy's effects based on gestational age.

Main Results:

  • Cancer treatment during pregnancy can often be managed without severe fetal risk.
  • Chemotherapy risks vary significantly with the specific agents used and fetal gestational age.
  • Cytotoxic drugs during organogenesis (4-13 weeks) increase risks of malformations and fetal loss.
  • Chemotherapy in the second and third trimesters may lead to intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, low birth weight, and bone marrow toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal cancer during pregnancy requires careful risk-benefit assessment for optimal outcomes.
  • Chemotherapy administration during pregnancy necessitates consideration of fetal developmental stage.
  • While risks exist, appropriate cancer treatment can often be provided to pregnant individuals, safeguarding fetal health.