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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Coma in the pregnant patient.

Peter W Kaplan1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 301 Building, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. pkaplan@jhmi.edu

Neurologic Clinics
|October 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Coma during pregnancy requires prompt maternal and fetal treatment. Pregnancy-related physiological changes can cause unique neurological emergencies like stroke and hemorrhage.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Coma in pregnant women presents unique diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Pregnancy significantly alters maternal physiology, impacting various organ systems and increasing risks for neurological conditions.
  • Maternal coma necessitates simultaneous consideration of fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the specific causes and considerations for coma in pregnant patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of comprehensive investigation and treatment for both mother and fetus.
  • To discuss pregnancy-associated neurological complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on coma in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of pregnancy-related physiological changes affecting neurological health.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Pregnancy-induced physiological changes (vascular, cardiac, pulmonary, renal, endocrine) can precipitate coma.
    • Specific stroke types, intracranial hemorrhage, and venous occlusive disease are elevated risks during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.
    • No diagnostic investigations are excluded when maternal life is at risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal coma management must integrate fetal assessment and care.
    • Pregnancy-specific factors contribute to a distinct spectrum of neurological emergencies.
    • Timely and thorough investigation is crucial for optimizing outcomes in pregnant women with coma.