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Related Concept Videos

Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

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Human bocavirus-the first 5 years.

Tuomas Jartti1, Klaus Hedman, Laura Jartti

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. tuomas.jartti@utu.fi

Reviews in Medical Virology
|November 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) species are increasingly identified. HBoV1 is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract illness, while other species are mainly found in stool.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Four species of human bocavirus (HBoV) have been identified within the Bocavirus genus.
  • HBoV is detected globally in both respiratory and stool samples.
  • HBoV1 is primarily associated with respiratory infections, whereas HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 are predominantly found in stool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current clinical knowledge on human bocavirus (HBoV) species.
  • To explore the diverse clinical manifestations associated with HBoV infections.
  • To highlight the diagnostic approaches for HBoV detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies on human bocavirus.
  • Analysis of reported signs and symptoms in HBoV-infected patients.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods including quantitative PCR and serology.

Main Results:

  • HBoV1 is recognized as a significant cause of lower respiratory tract illness.
  • Symptoms associated with HBoV infection are varied, including respiratory and gastrointestinal issues.
  • High co-infection rates and detection in asymptomatic individuals complicate etiological attribution.

Conclusions:

  • HBoV1 is an important respiratory pathogen.
  • Further systematic exploration of HBoV clinical manifestations is warranted.
  • Quantitative PCR and serology are the primary diagnostic tools for HBoV.