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Evolution and devolution of national physical activity policy in Canada
1Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Physical Activity & Health
|November 1, 2011
Summary
Canadian physical activity (PA) policies face challenges despite meeting success criteria. Increased investment in evidence-based strategies and sustained commitment are crucial for improving population health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Policy
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Low physical activity (PA) and fitness levels are a significant public health concern in Canada, with over half of adults being inactive.
- This study investigates the factors influencing the development and implementation of Canadian PA policies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the evolution and effectiveness of physical activity policy in Canada.
- To identify barriers and success factors in policy implementation.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of current and historical PA policy documents was conducted.
- Data were gathered through literature reviews, website audits, and direct requests to government officials across Canadian jurisdictions.
- Policy content, outcomes, barriers, and success factors were systematically analyzed.
Main Results:
- Canada's national PA policy has evolved into a multilevel system that largely aligns with successful strategy criteria.
- While earlier PA targets were met, PA prevalence declined between 2005 and 2007.
- Significant healthcare cost savings ($6.15 per capita annually) were associated with meeting previous PA targets, yet funding for PA promotion remains minimal.
Conclusions:
- There is a need for evidence-based, multi-agenda, sector-specific strategies to enhance PA policies.
- Sustained high-level political commitment and advocacy, supported by robust data and scientific evidence, are essential to elevate the importance of PA policies domestically and globally.
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