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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Published on: July 6, 2011

Social network size affects neural circuits in macaques.

J Sallet¹, R B Mars, M P Noonan

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK. jerome.sallet@psy.ox.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 5, 2011

Summary

Living in larger social groups increases gray matter in specific brain regions and enhances neural activity coupling in monkeys. This suggests social network size influences both brain structure and function.

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

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Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Published on: May 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Primatology
Social Cognition

Background:

Previous research suggests a correlation between social network size and brain structure variation.
The causal relationship between social network size and brain structure changes remains unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether social network size causally influences brain structure and function.
To explore the neural underpinnings of social complexity in non-human primates.

Main Methods:

Neuroimaging was performed on 23 monkeys housed in social groups of varying sizes.
Brain structure (gray matter) and functional activity coupling were analyzed.
Dominance rank within social networks was also assessed.

Main Results:

Living in larger groups led to increased gray matter in the mid-superior temporal sulcus and rostral prefrontal cortex.
Enhanced functional activity coupling was observed between frontal and temporal cortical areas in larger groups.
Gray matter differences in these regions correlated with individual dominance rank.

Conclusions:

Social network size is a causal factor in altering brain structure and function.
These neural changes may have implications for social success and dominance.
The study provides evidence for the neurobiological impact of social environment on the brain.