Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Murine Nasal Lavage Fluid Collection without Blood Contamination
05:12

Murine Nasal Lavage Fluid Collection without Blood Contamination

Published on: July 11, 2025

Rhinitis in children less than 6 years of age: current knowledge and challenges

Antony Hardjojo1, Antony Hadjojo, Lynette Pc Shek

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.

Asia Pacific Allergy
|November 5, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Rhinitis is common in young children, affecting quality of life and incurring costs. More research is needed due to limited understanding and treatment guidelines for this age group.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Rhinitis, characterized by nasal symptoms, impacts quality of life and society.
  • It is a common condition in children under six years old.
  • Etiology is diverse, including allergic and non-allergic forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on rhinitis in children under six years old.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and unmet needs in managing pediatric rhinitis.

Main Methods:

  • A PubMed search of literature published between 2006 and September 2011.
  • Focus on epidemiological studies and management considerations for young children.

Main Results:

  • Rhinitis is prevalent in children under six.
  • Viral infections may contribute to chronic rhinitis, but evidence is limited.
  • Treatment guidelines and pharmacotherapy options are scarce for this age group, especially under two years.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant lack of understanding regarding rhinitis in early childhood.
  • Further research is crucial to develop effective management strategies and guidelines.
  • Co-morbidities like otitis media and asthma require consideration in management.

Keywords:
PreschoolPrevalenceReviewRhinitisRisk factors

More Related Videos

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...