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Related Concept Videos

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions

Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Updated: May 27, 2026

Procedures for Rat in situ Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties
09:49

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Published on: October 15, 2011

Pressure-induced pH and length changes in muscle.

J J Macfarlane1, I J McKenzie, R H Turner

  • 1CSIRO Division of Food Research, Meat Research Laboratory, Cannon Hill, Queensland, 4170, Australia.

Meat Science
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High pressure affects muscle texture. Pre-rigor muscle shows complex length changes and accelerated pH changes at 30°C, while post-rigor muscle lengthens under pressure, suggesting different myofilament responses.

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Published on: January 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding muscle texture changes is crucial for food processing and quality.
  • Muscle proteins undergo significant structural transformations during rigor mortis.
  • High pressure can alter protein structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on pre- and post-rigor muscle strips.
  • To determine how temperature influences pressure-induced changes in muscle.
  • To examine the impact of pressure on myofilament integrity and pH.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle strips (pre- and post-rigor) were subjected to pressures up to 150 MPa.
  • Length changes were measured under load in a windowed pressure vessel.
  • pH changes in pre-rigor muscle were monitored at different temperatures (0°C and 30°C).

Main Results:

  • Pre-rigor muscle contracted then lengthened at 30°C, indicating myofibrillar breakdown.
  • At 0°C, pre-rigor muscle initially lengthened but shortened upon pressure release.
  • Post-rigor muscle strips consistently lengthened under applied pressure.
  • pH changes were accelerated at 30°C but inhibited at 0°C in pressure-treated pre-rigor muscle.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature significantly influences the pressure response of pre-rigor muscle.
  • Post-rigor muscle exhibits greater susceptibility to pressure-induced lengthening.
  • Conditions in post-rigor muscle appear more conducive to myofilament disaggregation than in pre-rigor muscle.
  • High pressure treatment affects the rate of pH decline in pre-rigor muscle, with temperature-dependent effects.