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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Pediatric chronic orchalgia.

Jonathan F Kalisvaart1, Bruce Broecker, Wolfgang H Cerwinka

  • 1Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 5445 Meridian Mark Road, Suite 420, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA. jonkalisvaart@gmail.com

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric chronic orchalgia, or long-term testicular pain, often resolves with conservative management. Early involvement of pain services, including epidural analgesia, can help non-responsive cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Chronic orchalgia is defined as testicular pain lasting over 3 months, significantly impacting pediatric patients' lives.
  • This condition is underrepresented in pediatric medical literature, highlighting a need for better understanding and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the evaluation and treatment experiences of pediatric patients diagnosed with chronic orchalgia.
  • To analyze the effectiveness of different management approaches for pediatric chronic orchalgia.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients meeting the criteria for chronic orchalgia.
  • Data collected included patient history, physical examination findings, diagnostic tests, treatments administered, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Out of 982 patients, 65 met the criteria for chronic orchalgia, with a mean age of 13 and average pain duration of 8.6 months.
  • Physical exams were normal in 70% of patients. Conservative management led to symptom resolution or single-visit success in 78% of cases.
  • For patients not responding to conservative care, involvement of the anesthesia pain service, including epidural analgesia, resulted in significant pain improvement for 3 out of 5 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Conservative management is effective for the majority of pediatric chronic orchalgia cases.
  • A 1-2 month trial of conservative measures is recommended, followed by early consultation with anesthesia pain services if symptoms persist.
  • Surgical intervention appears to have a limited role in cases with normal physical examination findings.