Fluorescence measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential changes in cultured cells

The mitochondrial membrane potential is the dominant component of the proton-motive force that is the potential term in the proton circuit linking electron transport to ATP synthesis and other energy-dependent mitochondrial processes. Cationic fluorescent probes have been used for many years to detect gross qualitative changes in mitochondrial membrane potentials in intact cell culture. In this chapter, I describe how these fluorescence signals may be used to obtain a semiquantitative measure of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.