Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
Types Of Column Chromatography01:29

Types Of Column Chromatography

The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of a photocatalytic membrane screening reactor (PMSR) for standardized evaluation of immobilized photocatalytic support materials.

MethodsX·2026
Same author

Designing 3D-Printed TiO<sub>2</sub>/BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-Hybrid Materials for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Acyclovir via Visible Light.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Parasitic interactions modulate the physiological responses of Gammarus fossarum to the herbicide metazachlor.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

Heart-Cutting Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Compound-Specific δ<sup>13</sup>C Analysis of Water-Soluble B Vitamins in Complex Supplement Matrices.

Journal of separation science·2026
Same author

Toward Molecular Forensics of Agrochemicals with Orbitrap IRMS: Isotopic Fingerprints of Imidacloprid Sources and Elucidating Hydrolysis.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2026
Same author

Ion chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-quality assurance by co-injection of internal standards.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

A robust and validated method for the determination of 21 urinary metabolites of 15 plasticizers, including phthalates, DEHTP, and DINCH, by online SPE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

A label-free membrane-based biosensor array with AuNP-modified PDMS for sensitive and specific detection of alpha-fetoprotein.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Smartphone-integrated one-step colorimetric glucose detection at physiological pH enabled by a haloperoxidase mimic.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Chemiluminescence functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-based biosensor for sensitive detection of glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Single-cell mass spectrometry imaging: platform advances for multimodal spatial omics.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Advancing total uronic acid quantification using a stable isotope dilution approach: validation and application to plant- and algal-derived polysaccharides.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
05:31

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

Solvent-free microextraction techniques in gas chromatography.

Jens Laaks1, Maik A Jochmann, Torsten C Schmidt

  • 1Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|November 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solvent-free microextraction techniques are advancing sample preparation for organic micropollutant analysis. Recent developments focus on automation and solvent exclusion using packed-needle devices and in-tube extraction.

More Related Videos

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection
08:37

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Published on: December 10, 2015

Metabolomic Analysis of Barley by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
08:15

Metabolomic Analysis of Barley by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
05:31

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool

Published on: May 25, 2021

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection
08:37

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Published on: December 10, 2015

Metabolomic Analysis of Barley by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
08:15

Metabolomic Analysis of Barley by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Microextraction techniques are crucial for analyzing organic micropollutants.
  • Traditional methods often involve extensive sample preparation and solvent use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in solvent-free microextraction.
  • To discuss developments in packed-needle devices and in-tube extraction.
  • To highlight methods for automation and solvent exclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in microextraction techniques.
  • Discussion of open-tubular trap techniques and packed-needle devices.
  • Analysis of in-tube extraction and needle trap devices.

Main Results:

  • Packed-needle devices offer benefits in microextraction, with various implementations discussed.
  • In-tube extraction and needle trap devices are key areas for automation and solvent exclusion.
  • Research is exploring new sorbent materials for improved efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent-free microextraction techniques are evolving towards greater automation and efficiency.
  • Continued research into novel sorbent materials is essential for method development.
  • These advancements are critical for the analysis of organic micropollutants.