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Relationship between USDA and Japanese beef grades.

J J Harris1, D K Lunt, J W Savell

  • 1Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2471, Texas, USA.

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|November 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Feedlot-finished Angus steers produced excessively heavy and fat carcasses, with over 70% grading US Yield Grade 5. Despite high fatness, few met top quality grades, indicating poor alignment with industry standards.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Meat Science
  • Agricultural Economics

Background:

  • Feedlot finishing of Angus steers is a common practice for beef production.
  • Evaluating carcass characteristics using both United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Japanese grading systems provides comprehensive data.
  • Understanding the relationship between different grading systems is crucial for international beef trade and industry standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the yield and quality-grade characteristics of feedlot-finished Angus steers using USDA and Japanese systems.
  • To determine the suitability of these carcasses for the domestic (US) and international beef markets.
  • To assess the correlation between US and Japanese carcass evaluation traits.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-eight Angus steers were finished in a feedlot to approximately 703 kg live weight.
  • Carcasses were evaluated for USDA and Japanese yield and quality-grade characteristics post-slaughter and chilling.
  • Statistical analyses, including correlations and multiple-regression, were performed on carcass traits.

Main Results:

  • Carcasses were excessively heavy and fat for the US market, with over 70% grading US Yield Grade 5 and nearly 40% receiving Japanese Yield Score 'C'.
  • Despite external fatness, fewer than 50% qualified for US Prime, and none met Japanese Meat Quality Score 5.
  • Moderate to high correlations existed between US and Japanese traits, but USDA characteristics explained limited variation (46% for marbling, 25% for wholesale-cut yield) in Japanese scores.

Conclusions:

  • Feedlot-finished Angus steers produced carcasses that were too fat and heavy for the US domestic market.
  • The grading systems showed some correlation, but USDA traits poorly predicted Japanese quality and yield metrics.
  • Further research is needed to optimize finishing protocols for meeting diverse international beef market demands.