Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

08:55
Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion
Published on: February 5, 2020
Powered two wheelers in a changing world-challenges and opportunities
1Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059 Australia. n.haworth@qut.edu.au
Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|November 9, 2011
Summary
Powered two wheelers (PTWs) offer mobility benefits but pose significant safety challenges. Addressing these issues involves users, infrastructure, and vehicle design for diverse global contexts.
Area of Science:
- Transportation Safety
- Mobility Studies
- Personal Transportation Technology
Background:
- Powered two wheelers (PTWs) are diverse and globally utilized, with evolving forms and uses influenced by societal shifts.
- PTW challenges primarily concern safety, while opportunities lie in enhanced mobility.
- Safety challenges encompass user behavior, road conditions, vehicle design, data availability, and socio-political factors, varying by country and usage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the multifaceted challenges and opportunities associated with powered two wheelers (PTWs).
- To explore the safety implications and mobility benefits of PTWs across different global regions.
- To examine the evolving nature of PTWs as personal transportation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PTW safety and mobility.
- Analysis of social, economic, and demographic influences on PTW use.
- Comparative assessment of PTW challenges and opportunities in developed versus developing countries.
Main Results:
- PTW safety issues are complex, involving users, other road users, the environment, and the vehicle itself.
- Opportunities include psychological, transport, economic, and environmental benefits for individuals and society.
- PTWs can contribute to reduced fossil fuel consumption and urban congestion.
Conclusions:
- The future of PTWs is dynamic, with technological advancements driving new forms of personal transport.
- Balancing the safety challenges with the mobility opportunities of PTWs is crucial for their sustainable integration.
- Understanding the diverse global contexts of PTW use is essential for effective policy and intervention.
Related Concept Videos
Otto and Diesel Cycle
An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving
Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
Rolling Resistance
When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
Motivational Cycle
The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
Internal Combustion Engine
The internal combustion engine is a heat engine that uses the byproducts of combustion as the working fluid instead of using a heat transfer medium to transfer heat. The combustion is done in a way that produces high-pressure combustion products that can be expanded through a turbine or piston to create work. Internal combustion engines can again be categorized into three kinds: (1) spark ignition gasoline engines, most commonly used in automobiles, (2) compression ignition diesel engines that...
Motor Units
The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...