Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

08:16
Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine
Published on: March 13, 2017
Ice slurry ingestion increases running time in the heat
1The Science of Sport, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Summary
Drinking an ice slurry before exercise in heat significantly prolonged time to exhaustion compared to cold water. This performance enhancement was linked to improved thermoregulation, with lower core temperatures during exercise.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Environmental Heat Stress
- Human Thermoregulation
Background:
- Investigating the ergogenic effects of pre-exercise cold ingestion, specifically ice slurry versus cold water, during prolonged submaximal exercise in hot conditions.
- Assessing the impact on thermoregulatory responses and exercise performance.
Discussion:
- Ice slurry ingestion led to a significant 19% increase in time to exhaustion compared to cold water.
- Ice slurry reduced core body temperature during the initial stages of exercise and lowered perceived exertion.
- Despite lower initial core temperatures, rectal temperature rose higher at exhaustion following ice slurry consumption.
Key Insights:
- Pre-exercise ice slurry consumption is an effective ergogenic aid for prolonged exercise in the heat.
- Ice slurry ingestion improves exercise performance by enhancing thermoregulation and reducing thermal discomfort.
- The findings suggest that athletes can tolerate higher core temperatures when utilizing ice slurry pre-cooling.
Outlook:
- Further research could explore optimal ice slurry dosages and temperatures for various environmental conditions and exercise intensities.
- Investigating the long-term effects and practical applications of ice slurry pre-cooling in different athletic populations.
- Examining the physiological mechanisms underlying the sustained thermoregulatory benefits of ice slurry during prolonged exercise.
Related Concept Videos
Hot Weather Concreting
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
To address...
To address...
Precipitation Processes
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Retarders
Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Methods of reducing fever
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

