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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Epilepsy surgery in India.

V P Singh1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
|November 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy surgery programs in India, initiated in 1995, focused on surgically remediable epilepsy using non-invasive evaluations. Successful outcomes depended on multidisciplinary teams and advanced diagnostics like MRI and video EEG.

Keywords:
Intractable epilepsyepilepsy surgeryhemispherotomymesial temporal sclerosispresurgical evaluation

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Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
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Published on: June 13, 2016

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Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography for Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring
11:28

Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography for Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring

Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Epilepsy surgery programs in India commenced in 1995 at two major institutions.
  • Initial efforts focused on patients with surgically remediable epilepsy syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the establishment and methodology of early epilepsy surgery programs in India.
  • To identify critical factors for successful surgical outcomes in epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-invasive investigations including epilepsy-specific MRI, video electroencephalography (EEG), SPECT scans, and neuropsychological evaluations.
  • Emphasized the concordance of seizure focus across all investigations for optimal patient selection.
  • Incorporated intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) for precise localization and surgical guidance.

Main Results:

  • Achieved good surgical outcomes through a systematic evaluation process.
  • Successfully managed challenges within the local healthcare context and resource limitations.
  • Demonstrated the importance of interdisciplinary team collaboration and strong institutional will.

Conclusions:

  • The development of epilepsy surgery in India required adapting international standards to local needs.
  • Multidisciplinary teams and comprehensive, concordant investigations are crucial for successful epilepsy surgery.
  • The program's success highlights the feasibility of advanced epilepsy management in resource-conscious settings.