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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of ¹⁸FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

When tuberculosis comes back: who develops recurrent tuberculosis in california?

Lisa Pascopella¹, Kathryn Deriemer, James P Watt

¹Tuberculosis Control Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America. Lisa.Pascopella@cdph.ca.gov

|November 10, 2011

Summary

Late tuberculosis recurrence is uncommon (0.63%) but associated with specific risk factors. Identifying these high-risk groups can improve tuberculosis (TB) control and patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of ¹⁸FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Public Health
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) indicates potential gaps in treatment and control.
The frequency of late recurrences (≥1 year post-treatment) is not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the frequency of late TB recurrence in California.
To identify risk factors associated with TB recurring at least one year after treatment completion.

Main Methods:

Analysis of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients in California (1993-2007).
Definition of late recurrence: ≥1 year between treatment completion and re-initiation.
Case registry data used for patient identification and matching.

Main Results:

148 (0.63%) of 23,517 TB patients experienced late recurrence.
Risk factors: pyrazinamide mono-resistance, isoniazid/rifampin-only regimen, sputum smear-positive disease, HIV infection, US birth.
Isoniazid mono-resistance was protective.

Conclusions:

Low frequency suggests effective TB control in California.
Specific subpopulations identified at higher risk for late recurrence.
Targeted interventions may benefit at-risk groups.